In this paper we review the main empirical contributions on imperfect competition and international trade policy. All of these studies use a calibration technique to tie the model and the data in order to simulate different trade policies. The empirical evaluation of the effects adds more information to the theoretical results, reducing the importance of these effects. Thus, in general, the gains to be obtained as well as the optimal level of trade policies, are normally quite moderate.

Keywords: international trade, trade policy, simulation.